SBAS / GNSS Aircraft Integration by Fokker Services
Overview
Introduction
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) refers to a constellation of satellites providing signals from space that transmit positioning and timing data to GNSS receivers. The receivers then use this data to determine position, altitude, time, and velocity. This performance can be improved by regional satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS).
SBAS improves the accuracy and reliability of GPS information by correcting signal measurement errors and by providing information about the integrity of its signals. SBAS is essential for applications where accuracy and integrity are critical. SBAS is a key enabler of Performance Based Navigation (PBN) usage for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (LPV).
Your needs
SBAS is available in many parts of the world as coverage is provided by a collection of several interoperable systems. The worldwide coverage of SBAS is continuing to grow:
o EU: European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS)
o USA: Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
o India: GPS-aided GEO-Augmented Navigation (GAGAN)
o And more regions under development!
All SBAS systems comply with a common global standard and are therefore:
o Compatible: they do not interfere with each other;
o Interoperable: a user with a standard receiver can benefit from the same level of service and performance, regardless of what coverage area they are located in.
Mandates
» Europe:The European Commission Implementing Regulation (EU 2018/1048) stipulates that RNP approaches with vertical guidance have to be implemented at all instrument runway ends. Approach procedures to lateral navigation (LNAV), lateral/vertical navigation (LNAV/VNAV) and lateral precision with vertical guidance approach (LPV) minima are to be implemented by:
o December 2020 on runways currently served only by non-precision approaches; and
o January 2024 on runways currently served by precision approaches.
o June 2030 use of SBAS required to support operation to CAT I minima; ILS Cat.I discontinued.
» India: The DGCA of India Public Notice AV.14027/AAC/2012-AT-1 stipulates that all aircraft being registered in India from June 2020 must be mandatory equipped with SBAS equipment.
» United States of America: The FAA published Federal Regulation 14 CFR 91.225 and 14 CFR 91.227 in May 2010. The rule dictates that after January 2020, aircraft operating in airspace defined in 91.225 are required to have an Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) system that includes a position source capable of meeting requirements defined in 91.227. These regulations set a minimum performance standard for the position sources integrated with the ADS-B equipment.
The performance requirements of FAR 91.227 require that all aircraft are equipped with a SBAS capable GPS system. Since the necessary SBAS capable GPS systems have limited availability, the FAA has created a temporary exemption option for GPS requirements from January 2020 through December 2024.
Your benefits
» SBAS clock and ephemeris corrections improve the availability of GPS for users throughout the entire footprint of the geostationary SBAS satellite.
» Global interoperability and seamless transition between SBAS service areas.
» SBAS equipment provides 2-D and 3-D position accuracy and integrity sufficient to meet most stringent requirements for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Performance Based Navigation (PBN).
» SBAS is a low-cost equipage solution to:
o enable ground-based traffic separation for surveillance purposes (ADS-B Out) and facilitate airborne traffic situational awareness, spacing, separation and self-separation (ADS-B In) on board other aircraft.
o enable Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) allowing airlines to use safer and more efficient flight paths enabling a variety of possible benefits:
§ Eliminates the operational requirement to ensure GPS availability using RAIM prediction tools.
§ Airspace efficiency through reduced separation.
§ Reduced fuel burn/emissions from shorter flight paths via not being constrained to overflight of navigational aids on the ground.
§ Improved runway access and lower minima for runways constrained by terrain/ airspace.
§ A fixed lateral flight path allows for better energy management and quieter climbs and descents.
§ Significant potential reduction in track dispersion enabling airlines to avoid noise-sensitive areas.
o SBAS service does not require the installation or maintenance of ground-based (landing system) navigation aids.
§ Supports RNP approaches down to LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LP and LPV minima.
§ SBAS provides Category I equivalent vertical guidance at any qualifying runway.
» SBAS position and guidance do not change with barometric and temperature fluctuations and are not impacted with improper aircraft barometric altimeter settings
Product Description
SBAS uses GNSS measurements taken by accurately located reference stations deployed across an entire continent. All measured GNSS errors are transferred to a central computing center, where differential corrections and integrity messages are calculated. These calculations are then broadcast over the covered area using geostationary satellites that serve as an augmentation, or overlay, to the original GNSS message.
Our Solution
For maximum (worldwide) flexibility Fokker Services offers a stand-alone GNSS solution using SBAS compliant GNSS Receivers that are WAAS/EGNOS/GAGAN/MSAS compatible.
The existing Multimode Receiver (MMR’s) units, if installed, may not comply with the latest local operational requirements. Therefore, Fokker Services offers a smart and cost-effective solution by means of a dual GNSS/SBAS Antenna and receives that are compliant with (E)TSO-C190, (E)TSO-C145/C146() and RTCA MOPS DO-301 and DO-229() no longer requiring the MMR replacement.
The GNSS installation is complaint with EASA CS-ACNS Issue 2 and FAA AC 20-138D Change 2. If applicable, wiring is installed between the GNSS sensor/antenna and the existing MMR “GNSS” user systems.
SBAS technology provides the opportunity to cover very large areas of airspace and areas formerly under-served by navigation aids. It also adds increased capability, flexibility, and in many cases, more cost-effective navigation options than legacy ground-based navigation aids.
SBAS is designed to enable reliance on GNSS navigation data for all phases of flight, from en-route through category I approach for all qualified airports within an SBAS coverage area, and to provide the capability to conduct vertically guided approaches to non-instrumented runways, providing significant improvement to operational safety that was previously unavailable.
Your benefits
» SBAS clock and ephemeris corrections improve the availability of GPS for users throughout the entire footprint of the geostationary SBAS satellite.
» Global interoperability and seamless transition between SBAS service areas.
» SBAS equipment provides 2-D and 3-D position accuracy and integrity sufficient to meet most stringent requirements for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and Performance Based Navigation (PBN).
» SBAS is a low-cost equipage solution to:
o enable ground-based traffic separation for surveillance purposes (ADS-B Out) and facilitate airborne traffic situational awareness, spacing, separation and self-separation (ADS-B In) on board other aircraft.
o enable Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) allowing airlines to use safer and more efficient flight paths enabling a variety of possible benefits:
§ Eliminates the operational requirement to ensure GPS availability using RAIM prediction tools.
§ Airspace efficiency through reduced separation.
§ Reduced fuel burn/emissions from shorter flight paths via not being constrained to overflight of navigational aids on the ground.
§ Improved runway access and lower minima for runways constrained by terrain/ airspace.
§ A fixed lateral flight path allows for better energy management and quieter climbs and descents.
§ Significant potential reduction in track dispersion enabling airlines to avoid noise-sensitive areas.
o SBAS service does not require the installation or maintenance of ground-based (landing system) navigation aids.
§ Supports RNP approaches down to LNAV, LNAV/VNAV, LP and LPV minima.
§ SBAS provides Category I equivalent vertical guidance at any qualifying runway.
» SBAS position and guidance do not change with barometric and temperature fluctuations and are not impacted with improper aircraft barometric altimeter settings